Mining

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はじめに

「マイニング」は、過去の取引のBitcoinの公的元帳にトランザクション記録を追加するプロセスです（そして「[採掘リグ|採鉱リグ]」は、単一コンピュータシステムのための必要な計算を実行する口語的なメタファーです。 "鉱業"。 過去のトランザクションの元帳は、ブロックの連鎖であるためブロックチェーンと呼ばれます。 ブロックチェーンは、確認するネットワークの他の部分との取引が行われたのと同様に機能します。 Bitcoinノードはブロックチェーンを使用して、正当なBitcoinトランザクションと既に別の場所で費やされたコインを再使用する試みとを区別します。 鉱山は、リソースを集中的に使用することが難しく、鉱山労働者が毎日見つけたブロックの数が安定しているように意図的に設計されています。個々のブロックには有効と見なされる[仕事の証拠|仕事の証明]が含まれていなければならない。この作業証明は、ブロックを受信するたびに他のBitcoinノードによって検証されます。 Bitcoinはhashcash作業証明関数を使用します。 鉱業の主な目的はトランザクションの履歴を任意のエンティティによって変更することは計算上不可能に設定することです。ブロックチェーンをダウンロードして検証することで、bitcoin nodesはビットコインのイベントの順序についてコンセンサスに達することができます。 マイニングは Bitcoinsを導入するシステムに使用されるメカニズムでもあります： 鉱夫には新しく作られたコインの「補助金」だけでなく、手数料も支払われます。 これは、新しいコインを分散的に普及させる目的と、人々にシステムのセキュリティを提供する動機付けをする目的の両方に役立ちます。 Bitcoin鉱業は、他の商品の採掘に似ているため、いわゆる呼ばれています。 それは努力を必要とし、それは参加することを望む誰でも新しい単位をゆっくりと利用できるようにする。重要な相違点は、供給​​が採掘量に依存しないことです。一般的に、全マイナーハッシュパワーを変更しても、長期的に作成されるビットコインの数は変わりません。

Difficulty

The Computationally-Difficult Problem

Mining a block is difficult because the SHA-256 hash of a block's header must be lower than or equal to the target in order for the block to be accepted by the network. This problem can be simplified for explanation purposes: The hash of a block must start with a certain number of zeros. The probability of calculating a hash that starts with many zeros is very low, therefore many attempts must be made. In order to generate a new hash each round, a nonce is incremented. See Proof of work for more information.

The Difficulty Metric

The difficulty is the measure of how difficult it is to find a new block compared to the easiest it can ever be. The rate is recalculated every 2,016 blocks to a value such that the previous 2,016 blocks would have been generated in exactly one fortnight (two weeks) had everyone been mining at this difficulty. This is expected yield, on average, one block every ten minutes.

As more miners join, the rate of block creation increases. As the rate of block generation increases, the difficulty rises to compensate, which has a balancing of effect due to reducing the rate of block-creation. Any blocks released by malicious miners that do not meet the required difficulty target will simply be rejected by the other participants in the network.

Reward

When a block is discovered, the discoverer may award themselves a certain number of bitcoins, which is agreed-upon by everyone in the network. Currently this bounty is 12.5 bitcoins; this value will halve every 210,000 blocks. See Controlled Currency Supply.

Additionally, the miner is awarded the fees paid by users sending transactions. The fee is an incentive for the miner to include the transaction in their block. In the future, as the number of new bitcoins miners are allowed to create in each block dwindles, the fees will make up a much more important percentage of mining income.

The mining ecosystem

Hardware

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FPGA Module

Users have used various types of hardware over time to mine blocks. Hardware specifications and performance statistics are detailed on the Mining Hardware Comparison page.

CPU Mining

Early Bitcoin client versions allowed users to use their CPUs to mine. The advent of GPU mining made CPU mining financially unwise as the hashrate of the network grew to such a degree that the amount of bitcoins produced by CPU mining became lower than the cost of power to operate a CPU. The option was therefore removed from the core Bitcoin client's user interface.

GPU Mining

GPU Mining is drastically faster and more efficient than CPU mining. See the main article: Why a GPU mines faster than a CPU. A variety of popular mining rigs have been documented.

FPGA Mining

FPGA mining is a very efficient and fast way to mine, comparable to GPU mining and drastically outperforming CPU mining. FPGAs typically consume very small amounts of power with relatively high hash ratings, making them more viable and efficient than GPU mining. See Mining Hardware Comparison for FPGA hardware specifications and statistics.

ASIC Mining

An application-specific integrated circuit, or ASIC, is a microchip designed and manufactured for a very specific purpose. ASICs designed for Bitcoin mining were first released in 2013. For the amount of power they consume, they are vastly faster than all previous technologies and already have made GPU mining financially.

Mining services (Cloud mining)

Mining contractors provide mining services with performance specified by contract, often referred to as a "Mining Contract." They may, for example, rent out a specific level of mining capacity for a set price at a specific duration.

Pools

As more and more miners competed for the limited supply of blocks, individuals found that they were working for months without finding a block and receiving any reward for their mining efforts. This made mining something of a gamble. To address the variance in their income miners started organizing themselves into pools so that they could share rewards more evenly. See Pooled mining and Comparison of mining pools.

History

Bitcoin's public ledger (the "block chain") was started on January 3rd, 2009 at 18:15 UTC presumably by Satoshi Nakamoto. The first block is known as the genesis block. The first transaction recorded in the first block was a single transaction paying the reward of 50 new bitcoins to its creator.

See Also

• Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin Mining
• Bitcoin Multipool
• Bitcoin Mining
• Bitcoin Mining in Plain English by David Perry
• Getting Started With Bitcoin Mining
• Tutorial to automatically start mining when you lock your computer. (Windows 7)
• Bitcoin Miner
• Bitcoin Mining Hardware Comparison
• Simplified Explanation of Bitcoin Mining by reddit user azotic
• Bitcoin Mining Pools Comparison
• Research, Review and Compare Cloud Mining Contracts
• Video: What is Bitcoin Mining?
• Mining Simulator (GitHub source)
• Bitcoin Mining Explained